Compare New Caledonia (2002) - British Indian Ocean Territory (2003)

Compare New Caledonia (2002) z British Indian Ocean Territory (2003)

	New Caledonia (2002)	British Indian Ocean Territory (2003)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 30% (male 31,862; female 30,577) 15-64 years: 64.1% (male 67,043; female 66,102) 65 years and over: 5.9% (male 5,777; female 6,497) (2002 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products	-
Airports	29 (2001)	1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 9 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 2 (2002)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 21 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 9 (2002)	-
Area	total: 19,060 sq km land: 18,575 sq km water: 485 sq km	total: 60 sq km land: 60 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than New Jersey	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s seems to have dissipated.	Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order that had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia.
Birth rate	19.91 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $861.3 million expenditures: $735.3 million, including capital expenditures of $52 million (1996 est.)	-
Capital	Noumea	-
Climate	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid	tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline	2,254 km	698 km
Constitution	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)	-
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies conventional short form: New Caledonia local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie	conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory conventional short form: none abbreviation: BIOT
Currency	Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF); note - may adopt the euro in 2003	-
Death rate	5.62 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Debt - external	$79 million (1998 est.)	-
Dependency status	overseas territory of France since 1956	overseas territory of the UK; administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of France)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of France)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu	Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction in 1965; repatriation is complicated by the US military lease of Diego Garcia, the largest island in the chain
Economic aid - recipient	$880 million annual subsidy from France	-
Economy - overview	New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. In recent years, the economy has suffered because of depressed international demand for nickel, the principal source of export earnings. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, the substantial financial support from France and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. The situation in 1998 was clouded by the spillover of financial problems in East Asia and by lower prices for nickel. Nickel prices jumped in 1999-2000, and large additions were made to capacity. Strikes in the building industry in 2001, which lasted four months, adversely affected many other sectors of the economy. French Government interests in the New Caledonian nickel industry are being transferred to local ownership.	All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing.
Electricity - consumption	1.455 billion kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production	1.565 billion kWh (2000)	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 78% hydro: 22% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m
Environment - current issues	erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires	NA
Ethnic groups	Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%	-
Exchange rates	Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 135.04 (January 2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997); note - linked at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro	-
Executive branch	chief of state: President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner Daniel CONSTANTIN (since 3 July 2002) head of government: President of the Government Pierre FROGIER (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Consultative Committee elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress; note - last election held 28 November 2002 when Pierre FROGIER was reelected	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Commissioner Alan HUCKLE (since 2001); Administrator Louise SAVILL (since NA); note - both reside in the UK cabinet: NA elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch
Exports	$400 million f.o.b. (2000)	-
Exports - commodities	ferronickels, nickel ore, fish	-
Exports - partners	Japan 25.8%, France 18.8%, Taiwan 12%, Australia 8.2%, US 3.0% (1999)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	the flag of France is used	white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP	purchasing power parity - $3.1 billion (2000 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 5% industry: 30% services: 65% (1997 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $15,000 (2000 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	2.1% (2000 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	21 30 S, 165 30 E	6 00 S, 71 30 E
Geography - note	consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls	archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility
Heliports	5 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 4,825 km paved: 2,287 km unpaved: 2,538 km (1999)	total: NA km paved: short section of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	$1 billion f.o.b. (2000)	-
Imports - commodities	transport equipment, machinery and electrical equipment, fuels, minerals, wine, sugar, rice	-
Imports - partners	France 50.2%, Australia 15.1%, Singapore 5.9%, New Zealand 5.2%, Japan 3.7% (1999)	-
Independence	none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014	-
Industrial production growth rate	-0.6% (1996)	-
Industries	nickel mining and smelting	-
Infant mortality rate	8.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.3% (2000 est.)	-
International organization participation	ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WFTU, WMO	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	160 sq km (1991)	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court	-
Labor force	79,395 (including 15,018 unemployed, 1996)	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.)	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0.38% permanent crops: 0.33% other: 99.29% (1998 est.)	arable land: NEGL permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects	-
Legal system	the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members are members of the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 9 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR 24, FLNKS 12, UNI 6, FCCI 4, FN 4, Alliance pour la Caledonie 3, LKS 1 note: New Caledonia elects 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 and 16 June 2002 (next to be held 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 73.27 years male: 70.32 years female: 76.36 years (2002 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91% male: 92% female: 90% (1976 est.)	-
Location	Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia	archipelago in the Indian Ocean, south of India, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia
Map references	Oceania	Political Map of the World
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT ships by type: cargo 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Malaysia 1 (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; French Armed Forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$192.3 million (FY96)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	5.3% (FY96)	-
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	-
Nationality	noun: New Caledonian(s) adjective: New Caledonian	-
Natural hazards	cyclones, most frequent from November to March	NA
Natural resources	nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper	coconuts, fish, sugarcane
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Raphael MAPOU]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [Rock WAMYTAN] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic or RPCR [Jacques LAFLEUR]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist, but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO]	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	207,858 (July 2002 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles in the 1960's and 1970's, in November 2000 they were granted the right of return by a British High Court ruling, though no timetable has been set; in 2001, there were approximately 1,500 UK and US military personnel and 2,000 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	1.43% (2002 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Mueo, Noumea, Thio	Diego Garcia
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	107,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km (2002)	-
Religions	Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet international: international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use	47,000 (1997)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	13,040 (1998)	-
Television broadcast stations	6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997)	1 (1997)
Terrain	coastal plains with interior mountains	flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation)
Total fertility rate	2.44 children born/woman (2002 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	19% (1996)	-
Waterways	none	none

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